In the course of sound production,

In the course of sound production, the stream of air produced by the lungs goes into the trachea, at the top of which the glottal cavity is situated.
Inside the glottal cavity, whose protruding front is known as the Adam's apple, the vocal cords are found. When they vibrate, sounds which are produced are voiced. When they are passive, the sounds are voiceless. The opening between the vocal cords is called glottis.
When the stream of air has passed through the glottal cavity, it enters the cavity formed between the back of the tongue and the back wall of the throat. The cavity is known as the pharyngeal cavity.
At the base of the tongue is the epiglottis. Thanks to it, food passes to the esophagus and not to the glottal cavity.
At the top of the throat, there is a forking of the air passage: the air can pass out through the nasal cavity or through the mouth cavity.
This depends on the position of the soft palate, also called the velum. When it is raised, the way to the nasal cavity is blocked and the air may go out through the mouth cavity. When it is lowered, the air escapes through the nasal cavity. In the former case, oral sounds are produced, in the latter, nasal sounds.
At the lower end of the soft palate there is a small movable appendage that is known as the uvula. Both the soft palate and the uvula are the parts of the palate, also called the roof of the mouth.
At the front of the mouth the bony structure forms the hard palate.
In the foremost part of it, just behind the upper teeth, there is a prominent ridge known as the alveolar ridge.
The major speech organ in the mouth is the tongue. Phonetically speaking, its surface is usually divided into the tip, the front, the middle and the back. Finally, speech sounds may be modified by the shape of the lips.